The study focuses on establishing an energy and resource-efficient building design framework which will serve as a guide for the incorporation of circular economy in the design of energy-efficient residential buildings in Nigeria. Our world is constantly changing due to the environmental activities orchestrated by humans. Climatic change continues to pose a threat as the built environment continues to build up carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) is on the increase and globally, buildings are responsible for approximately 40% of carbon emissions. Hence, prompt measures need to be taken to combat the effect of global warming and associated threats. On the other hand, resources have receded greatly as they are constantly depleted without replenishment. Nigeria is a population hot spot that is expected to have the third-largest population of about 500 million people by 2050, after India and China. The country currently has a population of 200 million and a shortfall of 17 million homes. Against this background, it is critical that Nigeria meets this demand in a resource and energy-efficient manner also with a bid to reduce building material waste by adopting circular economy strategies. The combination of both strategies filled many research gaps and research inferences were analysed and computationally resolved for optimal building performance. In Nigeria, sustainable design strategies are still at their infancy stage. This justifies the need for a framework or guide that will serve as an energy and resource-efficient design framework for developers.<\/p>
Keywords: Building Performance, Circular Economy, Energy Efficiency, Residential Buildings, Resource","gallery":[{"width":894,"height":503,"file":"2021\/07\/Image-of-research-Noah.jpg","sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"Image-of-research-Noah-894x503.jpg","width":894,"height":503,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Image-of-research-Noah-894x503.jpg"},"medium":{"file":"Image-of-research-Noah-300x232.jpg","width":300,"height":232,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Image-of-research-Noah-300x232.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"Image-of-research-Noah-768x594.jpg","width":768,"height":594,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Image-of-research-Noah-768x594.jpg"},"large":{"file":"Image-of-research-Noah-1024x792.jpg","width":1024,"height":792,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Image-of-research-Noah-1024x792.jpg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"Image-of-research-Noah-1536x1187.jpg","width":1536,"height":1187,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Image-of-research-Noah-1536x1187.jpg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"Image-of-research-Noah-2048x1583.jpg","width":2048,"height":1583,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Image-of-research-Noah-2048x1583.jpg"},"thumb_square":{"file":"Image-of-research-Noah-500x500.jpg","width":500,"height":500,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Image-of-research-Noah-500x500.jpg"},"small_thumb":{"file":"Image-of-research-Noah-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Image-of-research-Noah-150x150.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1","keywords":[]},"ID":"4731","name":"Image-of-research-Noah.jpg","path":"\/infotree\/sites\/sites.archi.cardiff.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Image-of-research-Noah.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Image-of-research-Noah-894x503.jpg","full_url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Image-of-research-Noah.jpg","title":"Image of research - Noah","caption":"Energy and resource efficiency","description":"As our world continues to react to the increased environmental destruction, it becomes more imperative to sustainably develop and complement the built environment with the natural features of the environment. Globally, buildings are responsible for approximately 40% of carbon emissions. Consequently, these emissions will continue to increase if effective measures are not adopted. On the other hand, building resources have recessed greatly due to inadequate replenishment practices. It is therefore pertinent that experts employ energy and resource efficient interventions for a sustainably built environment whilst keeping environmental pollution minimal and maximising resources. The image illustrates the influencing power of the built environment on the natural environment. The grey plants and trees gradually changing into artificial components depicts how inefficient buildings can gradually corrupt the natural occurrence of our world. The graphs and equations represent efforts in keeping the balance between both environments, thereby mitigating climate change, and improving building performance.","alt":"Complementing the built environment with the natural environment","srcset":false},{"width":894,"height":503,"file":"2021\/07\/Circular-Economy-Noah.jpg","sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"Circular-Economy-Noah-894x503.jpg","width":894,"height":503,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Circular-Economy-Noah-894x503.jpg"},"medium":{"file":"Circular-Economy-Noah-300x284.jpg","width":300,"height":284,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Circular-Economy-Noah-300x284.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"Circular-Economy-Noah-768x726.jpg","width":768,"height":726,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Circular-Economy-Noah-768x726.jpg"},"large":{"file":"Circular-Economy-Noah-1024x968.jpg","width":1024,"height":968,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Circular-Economy-Noah-1024x968.jpg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"Circular-Economy-Noah.jpg","width":1253,"height":1185,"mime":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Circular-Economy-Noah.jpg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"Circular-Economy-Noah.jpg","width":1253,"height":1185,"mime":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Circular-Economy-Noah.jpg"},"thumb_square":{"file":"Circular-Economy-Noah-500x500.jpg","width":500,"height":500,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Circular-Economy-Noah-500x500.jpg"},"small_thumb":{"file":"Circular-Economy-Noah-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Circular-Economy-Noah-150x150.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1","keywords":[]},"ID":"4736","name":"Circular-Economy-Noah.jpg","path":"\/infotree\/sites\/sites.archi.cardiff.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Circular-Economy-Noah.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Circular-Economy-Noah-894x503.jpg","full_url":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2021\/07\/Circular-Economy-Noah.jpg","title":"Circular Economy - Noah","caption":"Circular Economy in Buildings","description":"Pathways of Circular Economy","alt":"Resource Efficiency","srcset":false}],"funders":["TETFund"],"group_project":"no","other_authors":[],"taxonomy_advanced_42qrh9i15xo":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd\/4653"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/phd"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/313"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd\/4653\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10647,"href":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/phd\/4653\/revisions\/10647"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"project-theme","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wsa-ondisplay.co.uk\/2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project-theme?post=4653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}